Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Presenting as Severe Hypertension

Abstract

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare, life-threatening condition characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Unlike typical HUS, which is commonly associated with infection by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, aHUS involves dysregulation of the complement pathway, often leading to severe and recurrent disease episodes. We report an unusual case of aHUS presenting primarily with severe hypertension, highlighting the diagnostic challenge and the importance of early recognition to initiate prompt complement-targeted therapy. This atypical presentation underscores the necessity for clinicians to consider aHUS in patients exhibiting acute renal impairment and severe hypertension without a clear etiology. Early intervention is critical to improving clinical outcomes and preventing irreversible organ damage.