Unilateral Optic Neuritis: Clinical Imaging Findings and Differential Diagnosis

Abstract

Unilateral optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory condition affecting the optic nerve, often presenting with acute vision loss, pain on eye movement, and dyschromatopsia. It may occur in isolation or as a manifestation of underlying demyelinating, infectious, or autoimmune disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in diagnosing ON and distinguishing between etiologies such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and infectious or paraneoplastic causes. This case-based review presents the clinical and imaging findings of unilateral ON, emphasizing key radiological features that aid in differential diagnosis. We discuss the importance of early recognition and appropriate management to prevent permanent visual impairment.