Detailed Evaluation of Ectopic Pregnancies: Prevalence, Risk Determinants, and Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility

Abstract

Ectopic pregnancy is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, requiring early diagnosis and timely intervention to prevent severe complications. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, risk determinants, and clinical outcomes of ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary healthcare facility. A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records of patients diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy over a five-year period. The prevalence rate was calculated, and risk factors such as previous ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal surgery, assisted reproductive techniques, and contraceptive methods were analyzed. Clinical outcomes, including treatment modalities, complications, and maternal morbidity, were also assessed. The findings revealed an increasing trend in ectopic pregnancy prevalence, with tubal damage and assisted reproductive techniques being significant risk factors. Most cases were diagnosed using transvaginal ultrasound and serum beta-hCG levels, facilitating early management. Treatment approaches included medical management with methotrexate and surgical intervention, with laparoscopy being the preferred technique. Adverse outcomes such as rupture and hemorrhagic shock were more common in patients with delayed diagnosis. The study highlights the importance of early screening for high-risk individuals and the role of advanced diagnostic tools in improving maternal outcomes. Strengthening awareness and access to timely medical care can significantly reduce the burden of ectopic pregnancy-related complications.