Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Microbiological Profile, and Treatment Outcomes

Abstract

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a persistent infection of the middle ear characterized by otorrhea and tympanic membrane perforation, leading to significant morbidity if left untreated. This study aims to assess the prevalence, risk factors, microbiological profile, and treatment outcomes of CSOM in patients attending a tertiary healthcare facility. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 patients diagnosed with CSOM over a three-year period. The prevalence of CSOM was determined, and risk factors such as recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, poor hygiene, overcrowding, and previous ear infections were analyzed. Middle ear swabs were collected and cultured to identify the predominant bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Treatment outcomes following medical and surgical interventions were also evaluated. The results showed a high prevalence of CSOM, particularly among individuals with a history of recurrent infections and inadequate healthcare access. The most commonly isolated microorganisms included Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, with significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Patients receiving targeted antibiotic therapy based on culture sensitivity demonstrated better clinical outcomes, while those with extensive disease required surgical management. The study highlights the need for early diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial selection, and improved public health measures to reduce the burden of CSOM and its complications.